One of my more unusual admissions was a 57-year-old man named Dan who was sent to the hospital from his oncologist's office for, of all things, "suicidal ideation." Three years ago he was a healthy gym teacher who did everything right in life. Then he was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer, and radiation treatments worsened his ability to swallow, causing him to require a feeding tube and depriving him of the joy of eating what he liked (at best, he could eat soft foods). Then, he was recently diagnosed with a second cancer (lung), and even worse, it had spread to his bones. He became both depressed and discouraged to the point where he threatened to stop eating at home, saying that he wanted to die. It took my attending an hour to convince him to come to the hospital for treatment of dehydration.
When I first met him, he looked absolutely miserable, barely making eye contact with me or the nursing aide watching him (to make sure he didn't try to kill himself), and when I asked if he knew why he was in the hospital, he said, "Yeah, I want to die." He was tired of living with the knowledge that his cancer was no longer curable, and would eventually disable and kill him (the RNs said he used to do pushups in the hospital room when he was first diagnosed). We consulted psych and started him on Zyprexa to see if it would help his mood (it didn't). He also complained of intractable hiccups, so we gave him thorazine. He was also neutropenic and spiked fevers almost daily (though we had no obvious source of infection, as his CXR looked clear). The nurses who knew him gave him pep talks to keep his spirits up, and even my attending told him that since the cancer had only spread to his bones, he could continue to receive radiation and live a relatively normal life (since the cancer had yet to spread to his liver or other organs). I thought he was starting to believe him, but then he developed a bad case of rigors (presumably neutropenic fever) that knocked him down. That was the beginning of the end.
The following day was my day off, but I still came to work in the afternoon to prewrite my notes. My intern was nowhere to be found, and I later learned that he was with Dan, who had a rapid response called on him for rigors and hypoxia. His CXR, to our horror, showed new pulmonary edema that was NOT present just two days ago; his lungs had a lot of "fluff" that looked like ARDS. A MICU eval was called, and the MICU team wanted to intubate him. Dan refused. He made it very clear to the MICU team that he did not want to be intubated, even if it would save his life, and he didn't even want to wear a BiPAP. He just wanted to be comfortable. Normally the advance directive forms in our hospital don't allow patients a place to sign (the attending usually signs it); Dan, however, was so insistent that he wanted no life-saving measures that he signed his name on the side of the paper, at least until the attending signed it the following the day, to make it as official as possible. His older brother, who was also visiting, disagreed with Dan's choice and started arguing with him in the room while he was struggling to breathe; security had to get involved and they ended up banning the brother from entering the hospital "under any circumstance." I felt bad for the brother, as none of us were truly comfortable with Dan's decision to withhold care and felt that if he gave intubation a chance, he could potentially make it through this. But in end-of-life care, the patient has the final say.
DNR doesn't mean Do Not Treat, so we started him on a heparin drip (in case of PE) and gave him a huge dose of Lasix in hopes it would clear the fluid that was building up in his lungs. Dan spent the remainder of the night with his wife at his side, and they made small talk about friends and family. He desat again in the early hours of the morning and finally had no choice but to wear the BiPAP to help him breathe. Sometime around 7:30 a.m., he told his wife that he was thirsty, and she left the room briefly to go to the cafeteria.
I entered the room around 7:50 a.m., and I immediately noticed that the BiPAP was off and in Dan's hand, which was resting at his side. Slumped to one side, his breathing was agonal now, one breath every 20-30 seconds, and he didn't respond when I called his name or shook his shoulder. I immediately knew that the end was approaching, and with the help of a nurse we repositioned him to help him be more comfortable. I saw several more patients before returning to the room and saw his wife waiting outside while techs took a chest Xray (which had been ordered previously but I knew was now futile). I told her that he was now unresponsive, which was a huge shock to her. "I was just talking to him! We talked all night!" she said. As soon as the X-ray tech left the room, both of us went inside and found the patient lying still in bed. He was so thin that previously I could see his carotid pulsating in his neck; now everything was still. With a sinking feeling, I realized that he had died during the X-ray, or even before.
"Dan? Dan, wake up!" his wife said as she shook his shoulder. I quickly ran into the hall and asked the nurses for a flashlight to confirm that Dan had died. No breath sounds, no heart sounds, pupils fixed and dilated. Time of death 8:30 a.m. His wife burst into tears, unable to believe that he was gone after he was just talking to her two short hours ago. I felt extremely sad, too, but in a strange way, I felt that Dan would not have wanted it any other way. I had heard that he didn't want to prolong his illness because he didn't want his wife (whose first husband had also died of cancer) to go through the pain of watching another husband slowly die. I think that he waited until after she left his room to let go, so that she wouldn't have to watch him take his last breath. Afterwards, we left him in his room for several hours while his family and former students came to say goodbye, and his wife thanked us for being so understanding.
Dan came to the hospital saying that he wanted to die, that he was tired of getting treatments to delay the inevitable, and he finally got his wish. He never had a choice when he was diagnosed with not one, but
two cancers, or when he needed a feeding tube to sustain him when he could no longer swallow properly, but in his final hours, he
was able to choose how he wanted to die. Not in the ICU, not intubated and hooked to monitors, but in a quiet room after spending the night with his wife at his side. It's some consolation to know that Dan died on his own terms, in the way he wanted. That was one thing not even cancer could take away from him.